Sodium valproate decreases biotin absorption, decreases vitamin D metabolism, and decreases availability of folate
Seek urgent same-day assessment or call 999 for emergency care if experiencing: Severe chest pain Severe shortness of breath Fainting or collapse Acute or rapidly worsening neurological deficits (such as new limb weakness, sudden gait disturbance, or bladder/bowel dysfunction) Persistent or worsening anaemia symptoms despite treatmentincluding breathlessness, chest discomfort, palpitations, or extreme fatigueshould trigger medical review
For those with severe deficiencies, higher doses may be required initially to replenish B12 levels
Recent research has shown that while 90% saturated, coconut oil is made from medium-chain fatty acids
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1602976 Received 30 March 2025 Revised 13 November 2025 Accepted 14 November 2025 Published 19 December 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Bernd Rosenkranz, Fundisa African Academy of Medicines Development, South Africa Reviewed by Kacper Nijakowski, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland Miriam Njoki Karinja, Science for Africa Foundation, Kenya Updates Copyright 2025 Mazur, Ndokaj, Salerno, Vallone, Ardan, Bietolini, Carrouel, Wilk, Sarig, Ottolenghi and Bourgeois