It made its debut in 2022 as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and later as Zepbound for obesity in 2023
IN PRACTICE: "In this real-world study of people with type 2 diabetes, sustained treatment with GLP-1 RAs was associated with greater HbA1c [A1c] improvement compared to DPP-4is [DPP-4 inhibitors] both short and long term, with consistent effects across patient subgroups and varying definitions of improvement," the authors wrote
Eating smaller meals, choosing low-acid foods, and staying upright for at least two to three hours after eating can meaningfully reduce heartburn without a prescription
Topol noted that "there is no evidence from randomized trials in humans that any of these peptides provide the benefits that are advocated," and the same evidence gap applies in reverse to long-horizon harms
In the landmark SELECT trial in 2023, the scope of GLP-1RAs was expanded to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease who were overweight or obese without type 2 diabetes [48]