Three molecules of SAM are required for the methylation reaction that converts phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine ( Figure 2 )
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials demonstrated that L-Carnitine supplementation (1-3 g/day) significantly reduced muscle soreness at 24 hours (weighted mean difference: -6.39, p=0.001) and 48 hours post-exercise (weighted mean difference: -1.53, p=0.03) compared to placebo
103,104 Consequences include excessive ROS production, progressive lipid accumulation, mitochondrial swelling, cristae disruption, impaired -oxidation, fibrosis, inflammasome activation, and transition from steatosis to MASH
Our team occasionally recommended carnitine for people on valproic acid/Depakote, to help with residual side effects like muscle weakness and constipation
What is unknown Whether any added pathway improves weight, body composition, function, safety, or long-term outcomes when paired with retatrutide