WADA, for better or worse, does not require substantive evidence to include substances on its banned list
Animal Toxicology Studies Animal toxicology studies tested doses from 0.0027 mg/lb to 9.1 mg/lb via intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravenous, and oral routes for up to 6 weeks, finding: No acute toxic or lethal dose No gross or histologic toxicity in major organs No hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity Negative Ames test (no mutagenicity) Negative chromosomal aberration tests (no genotoxicity) No teratogenicity in rat pregnancy studies No local injection site irritation The LD1 (minimum lethal dose) could not be achieved despite aggressive testing
BPC-157, a peptide derived from human gastric juice, has shown promise in accelerating healing and reducing inflammation in preclinical models
EMG recordings showed a markedly lower motor unit potential in the tail muscle
Vitamin B12 can be found in various foods, especially in dairy products such as milk and cheese and in red meat and fish