doi:10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283090463 15
PMID 11375228
The role of the inflammatory foam cells (so-called because theyre so packed with cholesterol they look foamy under a microscope) affected by TMAO is explained in my video series that begins with Arterial Acne, and continues in Blocking the First Step of Heart Disease
BPC-157 is primarily investigated in injury and tendon-related models, whereas GHK-Cu has a much broader research profile involving collagen biology, extracellular matrix remodelling, wound healing, skin physiology and gene regulation
The 2.5 mg dose is better called the low-dose starter, because it is the labeled start and now has short direct non-diabetic data behind it. Microdosing has been used for tolerability testing, metabolic-marker support, step-down protocols, and maintenance, not for proven long-term obesity outcomes